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SYLLABUSES
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GENERAL SCIENCE
[First Year] [Second
Year] [Third Year] [Fourth
Year]
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FIRST YEAR
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MECHANICS AND HYDROSTATICS: Force: magnitude and direction. Representation by vector.
Resultant of a number of forces acting through a single point. Composition and resolution of forces by the parallelogram or triangle of vectors.
Resolution of a force into two components acting at right angles. Determination of the component of a given force in a given direction.
The forces acting on ship's gear such as derricks, spans and beam legs.
Effect of force in tending to cause rotation. Definition of moment of a force about a point. Use of moment as a measure of turning effect.
Couples. Definition of a couple. Moment of a couple about any point in the plane.
Examples to be found on deck and in the engine room.
Centre of gravity. Finding the position of the centre of gravity in simple cases.
Distinction between density and specific gravity. Simple calculations based on the relation between density, weight and volume.
Fluid pressure. Distinction between thrust and pressure. Calculation of thrust on simple hydraulic ram.
Pressure below free surface of a liquid open to the atmosphere. Dependence of pressure on depth and density of liquid. Thrusts on tank tops, ship's bottom, and simple calculations.
Upthrust on a body immersed in a fluid. Archimedes' Principle.
Application of Archimedes' Principle to floating bodies: Law of flotation.
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HEAT: the meaning of temperature. Distinction between heat and temperature.
Effect of a rise in temperature in causing expansion in solids and liquids. Use of expansion of liquid to measure temperature. Thermometers. Effect of expansion of air in causing winds.
Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales of temperature. Maximum and minimum thermometers.
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ELECTRICITY: Nature of Electricity. Behaviour of various substances towards flow of electricity through them; conductors and insulators.
Batteries and dynamos as sources of electric current.
Need for continuous closed path before flow of electricity can take place. Simple electric circuit. Switches, Circuit symbols.
Meaning of the terms coulomb, ampere, volt and watt.
Precautions in dealing with electricity. Added danger if contact is made with the skin wet.
Applications of the above including familiarity with working voltages, currents and power consumption of lights, heaters, fan motors, radio sets, electric winches and other electrical equipment commonly found aboard ship.
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| SECOND YEAR |
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MECHANICS AND HYDROSTATICS: Work as the product of force acting, and distance moved in the direction of the force.
Rate of working. Horse power.
Simple machines: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, wedge and screw: relationship between load and effort. Application of principle of work to frictionless machines.
Velocity ratio. Simple tackles, capstans and winches as examples of machines.
Application of the law of flotation to determination of the specific gravity of a liquid. The
hydrometer. Simple calculations.
Use of draught marks and load-line as a check upon the loading of a ship. Fresh water allowance. Simple calculations on the appropriate allowance for a ship loading in dock water.
Extension of the idea of pressure below free surface of a liquid to cover that of pressure due to the atmosphere. The measurement of atmospheric pressure by a simple barometer using a column of liquid. The simple manometer.
The behaviour of a gas when the pressure on it is varied. Boyle's Law.
Explanation of the action of the patent sounding machine in terms of atmospheric pressure, pressure at a depth, and Boyle's Law.
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HEAT: Unit of heat. Meaning of specific heat.
Change of state; melting, freezing, evaporation and condensation.
Latent heat. Simple calculations involving specific and/or latent heat.
Transfer of heat from tropical to temperate regions by water vapour in the atmosphere.
Suitability of water as the working medium of a heat engine.
The effect of change of temperature on volume and pressure of a gas. Charles's Law and the absolute scale of temperature.
Use of absolute scale in meteorology.
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LIGHT: Rectilinear propagation of ray of light. Shadows (umbra and penumbra) and eclipses.
Reflection of ray of light by a plane mirror. Effect of rotation of mirror.
Application of the above to the case of the sextant.
Reflection at two perpendicular surfaces.
Refraction of light when passing from one transparent medium to another. Refraction of light from a celestial body on entering the Earth's atmosphere.
Total internal reflection at the surface of a less dense medium. Critical angle. The application of total internal reflection in the case of the prismatic binoculars and the azimuth mirror.
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MAGNETISM: Association of magnetic properties with the ends of a magnet. Two types of magnetic poles. The formation of fresh poles by breaking a magnet.
Attraction or repulsion of one magnetic pole by another.
Attraction of unmagnetised iron by a magnetic pole of either type. Simple explanation in terms of the molecular theory of magnetisation.
The meaning of the terms `hard' and `soft' as describing the magnetic properties of iron.
The Earth as a magnet; magnetic poles, magnetic equator, magnetic meridian, magnetic variation, magnetic dip. The possibility of regarding the total force as resolved into horizontal and vertical components.
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ELECTRICITY: Relationship between the current flowing through a conductor and the difference of potential between its ends. Ohm's Law. The idea of resistance.
The ohm. Numerical relation between resistance of a portion of a conductor, current through it, and difference of potential between the ends of the given portion.
Simple calculations on electric circuits, and on combinations of resistances in series and parallel.
The heating, magnetic and chemical effects of a current. Simple applications of these effects. Fuses and lamps as examples of heating effect. Rating of lamps. Examples from ship's lighting circuits.
The simple electric cell. Essential difference between a primary cell and a secondary cell.
Corrosion due to galvanic action, need for vigilance in its detection.
Cells in series and parallel. Simple calculations.
Charging batteries.
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| THIRD YEAR |
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MECHANICS AND HYDROSTATICS: Effect of friction on a machine. Mechanical advantage. Efficiency as
a ratio of output of work to input. Relation between velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency.
Simple calculations. Weston purchase.
Approximate formula to allow for friction in case of a simple tackle.
The marine barometer, aneroid and barograph. Need to correct reading of mercurial barometer to allow for effect on the mercury column of variations in temperature and gravitational force.
Use, for purposes of comparison, of pressure at sea-level instead of pressure at level of barometer.
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HEAT: Evaporation from surface of a liquid. Water vapour in the atmosphere. Relative humidity.
Condensation of water vapour. Dew point. Formation of clouds, rain, fog and mist.
The practical determination of relative humidity by means of the wet and dry bulb hygrometer. Ventilation problems in cargo spaces.
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ELECTRICITY: The magnetic effect of a current flowing in a straight wire and in a coil of wire. The construction of a simple electro-magnet. The application of the electro-magnet to the electric bell and buzzer.
The action of a simple D.C. motor with 2-pole armature.
The moving coil galvanometer. The development of the galvanometer into (a) the ammeter, and (b) the voltmeter.
The electromotive force induced into a closed loop of wire placed in a changing magnetic field. The
e.m.f. induced in a moving loop in a fixed magnetic field.
The simply dynamo with 2-pole armature.
The relationship between watt and horse-power.
The Board of Trade Unit. Simple calculations.
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MAGNETISM: A simple understanding of the magnetic compass. Construction of a ship's dry card compass.
The directive force acting on the compass needle. Disturbing force due to the permanent magnetism of the ship. Changes in directive force with changes of geographical position.
The variation in the effectiveness of the disturbing
force with change in (a) direction of ship's head, or (6) geographical position.
The deviation of the compass, so far as caused by permanent magnetism, and not involving calculations.
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| FOURTH YEAR |
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SOUND: The nature of sound. Simple idea of wave motion. The velocity of sound. Echoes; measurement of distance by echo time.
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ELECTRICITY: Electrical transmission and reproduction of sound over a wire. The construction and action of simple carbon microphone and simple telephone receiver.
The difference between direct and alternating current. The production of alternating e.m.f. by simple 2-pole alternator fitted with slip-rings.
The transformer; the relation between turns ratio, voltage ratio and current ratio.
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RADIO COMMUNICATIONS: (Descriptive treatment only). Electrical oscillations. Resonance. Radiation of electro-magnetic waves. The thermionic valve. Use of valve as amplifier, oscillator and detector.
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RADAR: The echo principle; measurement of distance.
Directional transmission; measurement of bearing.
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